The Tragic Story of Jeanne Hébuterne and Modigliani

Jeanne Hébuterne is best known for being a frequent sitter and common-law wife of the Italian painter Amedeo Modigliani. However, the story of her relationship with the famous artist is one of the most tragic love stories of the art world.

Jeanne Hébuterne was known for her beauty and her long, dark hair. She was introduced to the artistic community in Montparnasse by her brother André Hébuterne, who wanted to become a painter. She met several of the then-starving artists, including Tsuguharu Foujita, and she modeled for them.

Although she was already known in the artistic circles of Paris, Hébuterne had a talent for drawing and wanted to become an artist like her male peers. Therefore, she chose to study at the Académie Colarossi. It was there, in the spring of 1917, that young Jeanne Hébuterne was introduced to Amedeo Modigliani. Modigliani was a handsome man, attracting a lot of female attention. The two began their affair and fell deeply in love. She soon moved in with him, despite strong objections from her parents.

Life with Modigliani must have been hard. He had severe problems with substance abuse, including alcohol and drugs. His escalating intake of these substances may have been a way for Modigliani to disguise his progressing tuberculosis from his friends; only a few of them knew of his condition. Tuberculosis—the leading cause of death in France by 1900—was a horrible illness without a cure. Furthermore, those who suffered from it were feared, ostracized, and pitied by others. 

The writer Charles-Albert Cingria described Jeanne Hébuterne as gentle, shy, quiet, and delicate. In 1918, the couple moved south to Nice on the French Riviera, where Modigliani’s agent aimed to boost his visibility by selling his artwork to affluent collectors who spent the winter there. In November 1918, during their time in Nice, the couple welcomed the birth of their daughter. They returned to Paris the next spring, and Hébuterne soon became pregnant again.

On 24 January 1920, Amedeo Modigliani died of tuberculosis. Jeanne Hébuterne’s family thus brought her back to live in their family home. Tragically, the next day, she died by suicide, jumping from a fifth-floor window. Her grieving family held Modigliani responsible for her death and initially buried her at the Cimetière de Bagneux. Almost a decade later, they finally agreed to have her remains moved to Père Lachaise Cemetery, where she was laid to rest beside Modigliani. Her epitaph reads: “Devoted companion to the extreme sacrifice.”